Communication & AAC

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) refers to the many ways people communicate when speech alone does not fully meet their needs. AAC can support people who are not able to speak, whose speech is difficult to understand, or whose speech is unreliable in some situations. AAC is used across the lifespan by children and adults with a wide range of conditions. This page is a general educational overview and is not a substitute for an individualized evaluation by a qualified professional such as a speech-language pathologist.

WHAT AAC INCLUDES

AAC is often described along a range from no-tech to high-tech. No-tech AAC uses the body and does not require any equipment, including gestures, facial expressions, pointing, and sign. Low-tech AAC uses simple, non-electronic materials such as communication boards, picture cards, alphabet boards, and communication books. High-tech AAC uses electronic devices and apps, including speech-generating devices and communication apps that produce spoken output. Most communicators use a combination of methods depending on the situation, sometimes called a multimodal approach.

HOW AAC IS ORGANIZED

AAC systems can be symbol-based, using pictures or graphic symbols, or text-based, using letters and words for people who can spell. Many systems combine both. AAC that produces spoken output through a device or app is often called a speech-generating device (SGD) or a voice output communication aid. People access AAC in different ways depending on their motor abilities, including direct selection by touching or pointing, switch scanning for those who cannot point reliably, and eye-gaze access that uses eye movements to make selections.

ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

Choosing an AAC system is a process, not a single decision. An AAC assessment looks at the person, their communication needs, their environments, and their access abilities in order to match features to the individual. Implementation is ongoing and depends heavily on communication partners such as family members, teachers, and peers who learn to model and support the system. In education, AAC supports both everyday communication and academic participation, and it is often addressed within an IEP.

PHASE 1 CORNERSTONE RESOURCES

This section is being developed. Current in-depth resources include AAC Basics, Speech-Generating Devices, and AAC Access Methods. Additional resources on symbol-based and text-based systems, communication partners, AAC in education, and AAC funding are planned.

PRODUCT NOTE

Product and manufacturer examples mentioned in this section are provided for educational purposes and do not constitute endorsement by Accessibility Clinic Inc. Commercial products are described as neutral educational examples, and this information does not replace an individualized professional recommendation.

RELATED RESOURCES

For an overview of the field, see Assistive Technology 101. For an overview of funding pathways, see Funding Assistive Technology. For general guidance on matching technology to needs, see AT Assessment & Selection. For individualized help from the nonprofit, visit AccessibilityClinic.org.