Speech-Generating Devices

A speech-generating device (SGD), sometimes called a voice output communication aid, is a tool that speaks aloud when the user selects words, phrases, or symbols. SGDs give people who cannot rely on natural speech a spoken voice for communicating in everyday life. This page is a general educational overview and does not replace an individualized evaluation by a qualified professional such as a speech-language pathologist.

WHAT IS A SPEECH-GENERATING DEVICE?

An SGD combines a way to select messages with software that turns those selections into speech. Selections can be based on picture symbols, words, letters, or a combination. The device may use synthesized (computer-generated) speech or recorded (digitized) speech. Some SGDs are dedicated devices built only for communication, while others are communication apps that run on a general tablet or computer.

DEDICATED DEVICES VERSUS APPS ON TABLETS

Dedicated devices are purpose-built, tend to be durable, and are sometimes easier to fund as medical equipment because communication is their only function. Communication apps on consumer tablets can be more affordable and flexible, but the tablet also does other things, which can be a benefit or a distraction depending on the user. Neither option is better for everyone; the right choice depends on the individual, their environments, and their goals.

HOW MESSAGES ARE ORGANIZED

Vocabulary on an SGD is arranged so that words can be found and combined efficiently. Many systems emphasize core vocabulary, the small set of words used most often across situations, alongside fringe vocabulary for specific topics. Layouts may keep symbols in consistent locations so that motor patterns become automatic over time. Spelling and word prediction can support users who read and write.

ACCESS METHODS

People operate SGDs in different ways. Direct selection involves touching or pointing to a target. Switch scanning highlights options in sequence so a user can activate a switch at the right moment. Eye-gaze systems track eye movements to make selections. Access is matched to a person's motor abilities and can change over time. For more detail, see AAC Access Methods.

FEATURES TO CONSIDER

Important considerations include the type of speech output, the display size and mounting options, portability and durability, battery life, how the vocabulary is organized, available access methods, and how easily the system can grow with the user. Trialing more than one option in real settings helps reveal what works day to day.

ASSESSMENT, TRIALS, AND TRAINING

An AAC evaluation identifies needs and recommends devices to trial. Many state AT Act programs and loan libraries allow families to borrow devices before purchase. After a device is obtained, training for the user and for communication partners is essential, and ongoing support helps the system keep pace with changing needs.

FUNDING

SGDs are sometimes covered by Medicaid or private insurance when documented as medically necessary durable medical equipment, though coverage rules, prior authorization, and documentation vary by plan and state and are never guaranteed. Other pathways include schools, vocational rehabilitation, veterans programs, nonprofit grants, and manufacturer assistance programs. See Funding Assistive Technology for a fuller overview.

PRODUCT NOTE

Any product or manufacturer categories described here are educational examples and do not constitute endorsement by Accessibility Clinic Inc. We do not rank commercial products, and this information does not replace an individualized professional recommendation.

ACADEMIC AAC EXAMPLE

AAC is used not only for everyday communication but also for academic participation, such as classroom vocabulary and standards-related content. One example of an AAC app designed for academic AAC is AcademicVoice, developed by EquaAccess. AcademicVoice combines core AAC communication features with K-12 academic vocabulary and state-based academic standards configuration, including alternate or access-point standards, as applicable by state. It organizes content into grade-band vocabulary and academic units, and it includes academic assessments with mastery progress tracking, switch scanning, and eye-gaze access. AcademicVoice - AAC is designed for school and district use, and AcademicVoice Pro - AAC is designed for family and homeschool use. Our Academic AAC: Communication, Curriculum Access, and Classroom Participation page discusses this kind of academic AAC use in more depth.

Disclosure: AcademicVoice is developed by EquaAccess, a trade name of Assistive Technology Evaluations & Services, LLC, a for-profit company that is separate from and should not be confused with Accessibility Clinic Inc., the nonprofit organization that publishes this website. Accessibility Clinic Inc. has a financial relationship with EquaAccess and may receive a percentage of qualifying AcademicVoice sales attributable to referral links on this site, at no additional cost to the purchaser. This financial relationship does not mean AcademicVoice is the right choice for every individual, and this example does not replace an individualized AAC assessment.

RELATED RESOURCES

For an overview of the topic area, see Communication & AAC. For an introduction to AAC, see AAC Basics. For how people physically operate devices, see AAC Access Methods. For funding, see Funding Assistive Technology. For individualized help from the nonprofit, visit AccessibilityClinic.org.